IOF applies to foreign exchange transactions. When a Brazilian buyer pays a charge processed outside the country, their bank converts the currency and collects the tax, which appears as a separate line on the statement.

For the seller, the effect is one of perception. The buyer sees a larger amount than what was advertised at checkout and associates it with an improper charge. It's a classic cause of disputes and complaints.

Processing in reais, inside Brazil, eliminates the foreign exchange transaction and, with it, the tax.