The card network is the rail the transaction travels on. It doesn't hold the money or approve the purchase: it connects the acquirer to the issuing bank, sets the rulebook both sides follow, and arbitrates what happens when the buyer disputes a charge.

For sellers, what matters most is that the chargeback rules, response deadlines, and tolerated limits are written by the card network. Blowing past those limits doesn't trigger a fine from the platform, it triggers enrollment in the network's own monitoring program.